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Fig. 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 3

From: Contrasting responses to a climate regime change by sympatric, ice-dependent predators

Fig. 3

Post-glacial and Holocene environmental changes by sub-region compared to abundance trajectories of Weddell seals and emperor penguins. Median estimate of the change in effective female population size (N ef ) relative to today; the yellow/blue lines indicate emperor penguins/Weddell seals. The grey line indicates the East Antarctic temperature anomaly (the difference from the average of the last 1,000 years) [32]. Coloured boxes indicate approximate period of environmental changes including; deglaciation [71, 72], changes in sea ice cover [33, 34, 73] and primary production based on export production indices [35, 57–59]

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