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Fig. 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 3

From: Evolution in an extreme environment: developmental biases and phenotypic integration in the adaptive radiation of antarctic notothenioids

Fig. 3

Relationship between head shape PC1 and magnitude of integration. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analysis was performed in R. The expected covariance structure under a Brownian model was first extracted using the corBrownian function from the ape package. Generalized least squares analysis was then carried out using the gls function from the nlme package. Solid curve: quadratic regression across all notothenioids (p < 1*10^-4). Dashed line: linear regression within Channichthyidae (p < 1*10^-4)

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