Fig. 1

Evolutionary relationships and geographical distribution of mtDNA COI haplotypes of Graellsia isabellae. The six clusters are displayed in different colours. Tones of dark and light blue refer to haplotypes from WP and EP, whereas tones of green and red correspond to EI and SI. a Bayesian phylogenetic tree. Violet bars at supported nodes indicate the temporal estimates (95 % HPD intervals); time scale indicates 0.2 Mya; numbers above branches represent posterior probabilities higher than 0.7. b 95 % Statistical Parsimony network, intraspecific connection limit = 12. Actias luna was equally connected to haplotypes EI.4, SI.2, SI, 3 and SI.4 by 66 mutational steps. Circle size is proportional to haplotype frequency. Names besides circles are haplotype codes. Solid lines connecting haplotypes represent a single mutational event, regardless of their length. Black rectangles represent missing or theoretical haplotypes. Arrows point to the most likely break of a loop according to coalescent predictions. c Geographical distribution of the 41 mitochondrial haplotypes in 28 populations across its entire distribution range. Population codes as labelled in Table 1. Inset: Adult male of G. isabellae. d Approximate geographic distribution of G. isabellae (redrawn from [67, 99])