Fig. 1
From: Competitive males have higher quality sperm in a monogamous social bee
a. Male aggregation of Scaptotrigona aff. depilis, above a colony of the same species. The individuals are paint-marked in the thorax. b Representation of the sampling designs performed to discriminate males with different competitive ability. In the first selection episode investigated, the capacity of males to reach an aggregation was analyzed (black arrows) and males collected inside the colonies were compared to males collected at aggregations. In the second selection episode, male persistence in the aggregations was analyzed (gray arrows), and new-coming males and males that persisted for three and 5 days were compared