Fig. 2

The effect of degree of restriction on effect size in model and non-model species. Effect sizes are Cohen’s d, the standardised mean difference in reproduction between the control and restricted groups (see Methods and Additional file 1: Dialog S1). Model species are represented by squares and the dashed line. Non-model species are represented by circles and solid line. Model species suffer a greater rate of decline in reproduction with increasing degree of restriction. Point sizes indicate the variance in the estimate of the effect size. Details of statistics are given in the main text