Fig. 3
From: Why and how genetic canalization evolves in gene regulatory networks
Why canalization evolves. Average and s.d. canalization scores (negative log of the variance of mutational effects) at G=10,000 generations; two genes out of six are under direct selection pressure. a Network complexity c. b Constitutive gene expression a. c Mutation rate μ. d Effect of a mutation σ m . e Strength of stabilizing selection s. f Fitness optimum θ. g Population size N