Fig. 2

Box-and-whisker plots displaying the median (solid line within each box), upper and lower quartiles (upper and lower extent of each box, respectively), upper and lower extremes ('whiskers' extending from each box) and outlier values for the percentage of males produced under each experimental group. An experimental group corresponds to strains isolated from sampling localities grouped within a specific climate group, exposed to a specific temperature treatment. Climate groups are defined according to the predominant climate experienced at the specific sampling locality. Within each experimental group, each strain is represented by three replicates. Significant differences between experimental groups in the percentage of males produced are indicated by asterisks: *, ** and *** indicate significance at the p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 level. Box-and-whisker plots are displayed for strains grouped according to the following: a. cold climate sampling localities (CC, CK and NB); b. mid-cold climate sampling localities (TB, PA and SS); c. mid-warm climate sampling localities (CO, GE, PL and TK); d. warm climate sampling localities (SB). Whereas significantly higher proportions of males are produced under 25 °C relative to 20 °C and 15 °C within the “cold” climate group (plot a), this pattern is significantly reversed in the “mid-warm” climate group (plot c)