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Table 1 List of key parameters and variables

From: The evolution of social learning mechanisms and cultural phenomena in group foragers

Name

Description

Values

R

Number of resources species

250

Q r

Maximum energy reward of resource type r

N(0.1,0.1)

H r

Practice time needed before obtaining half the maximal reward

0.1..10

S r

Scalar for the sigmoid function describing how rewards increase with practice

1..4

EC

Rate at which resource types are replaced by new types

0..R types per year

N

Population size

100

G

Maximum number of foragers in a group

20

COPY_SPACE

Distance at which foragers can observe what their neighbors are doing

20

K

Effectiveness of observational learning

0.1

M

Maximal time to process and consume a resource item

1 min

a ir

Expected reward forager i has for resource type r

any

a ie

Expected quality of the environment of forager i

any

e ir

Energy reward forager i obtains from resource type r

any

c ir

Certainty of forager i about reward obtained from resource type r

0.. inf

s ir

Skill of forager i for processing resource type r

0..1

t ir

Experience (total time) forager i as processing resource type r

0.. inf

λ i

Reinforcement learning rate

0..1

ε i

Exploration rate

0..1

γ i

Stimulus enhancement

0..1

ω i

Probability to OBSERVE neighbor

0..1

Ï„ i

Duration of OBSERVE

0.01..1 min

Ï• i

Update parameter for a ie

0..1

δ i

MOVE distance of forager i

0.. inf

  1. Upper case letters and names: invariant parameters that do not change during simulations. Lower case letters: (learning) variables that change during a forager’s lifetime. Greek letters: parameters that can evolve but are invariant during a forager’s lifetime. Subscripts: i= forager identity; r= resource type