Phenotypic disparity in Iberian short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae): the role of ecology and phylogeny

Table 1 Comparison of four evolutionary model fits, random-walk variances (σ²) and primary trait optima (in parentheses) for the three morphological variables: head shape (PChs), locomotory morphology (pPClm) and relative antenna length

	Model	AIC_c	ΔAIC_c	σ² _plant (θ_plant)	σ² _ground (θ_ground)
(a) All taxa
PChs	BM	−185.695	0.99	0.105	0.105
	EB	−183.508	3.36	0.105	0.105
	OU1	−183.927	2.94	0.129	0.129
	OUVM	−186.869	0.00	0.042 (0.120)	0.198 (−0.013)
pPClm	BM	3.246	6.31	1.574	1.574
	EB	5.431	8.50	1.574	1.574
	OU1	1.734	4.80	3.117	3.117
	OUVM	−3.066	0.00	−0.239 (−0.093)	0.060 (0.047)
Antenna length	BM	−91.674	4.15	0.405	0.405
	EB	−89.489	6.33	0.405	0.405
	OU1	−95.824	0.00	0.988	0.988
	OUVM	−92.889	2.93	0.928 (0.7012)	0.928 (0.701)
(b) Gomphocerinae subset
PChs	BM	−126.699	0.00	0.141	0.141
	EB	−124.991	1.71	0.140	0.140
	OU1	−125.466	1.23	0.120	0.120
	OUVM	−120.905	5.79	0.142 (0.040)	0.112 (0.107)
pPClm	BM	−5.034	5.57	2.234	2.234
	EB	−2.712	7.89	2.234	2.234
	OU1	−10.510	0.10	1.162	1.162
	OUVM	−10.607	0.00	0.663 (−0.335)	1.073 (0.030)
Antenna length	BM	−66.264	14.25	0.555	0.555
	EB	−63.949	16.56	0.555	0.555
	OU1	−80.510	0.00	1.190	1.190
	OUVM	−69.568	10.94	0.282 (0.841)	0.282 (0.744)

ΔAICc is the model’s mean AICc minus the minimum AICc between models. Bolded rows represent the best fit model as indicated by the lowest AICc score. Estimated phenotypic optima (θ) for ground and plant-perching regimes are shown where applicable. Analyses were performed for (a) all species and (b) only including the Gomphocerinae subset

ISSN: 2730-7182