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Fig. 9 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 9

From: The functional head of the Cambrian radiodontan (stem-group Euarthropoda) Amplectobelua symbrachiata

Fig. 9

Comparison of GLSs and similar feeding structures of selected panarthopods. a, GLS of A. symbrachiata, solid arrows indicating swollen sockets, hollow arrows indicating scales. b, gnathobase of Parapeytoia yunnanensis, showing 5 clusters of spines along the gnathal edge of protopodite, solid arrows indicating double layers at the base of distal spines, hollow arrows indicating scales along the gnathal edge. c, inner (right) and outer (left) blades of the jaw of extant onychophoran, Euperipatoides kanangrensis, images courtesy of Martin Smith and Javier Ortega-Hernández, note the stacked constituent elements. d, gnathobase of the right third walking limb of the xiphosuran Limulus polyphemus, viewed from the posterior, solid arrows indicating double layers at the base of distal spines, hollow arrows indicating scales along the gnathal edge. e, mandible of extant scolopendromorph centipede, Ethmostigmus rubripes. f-g, mandible of extant crustaceans (Copepoda), Microcalanus pygmaeus (f) and Rhincalanus gigas (g), images courtesy of Jan Michels, note the morphological differences between them due to the difference of diet [50], solid arrows indicating double layers at the base of distal spines, hollow arrows indicating scales along the gnathal edge. See Methods for abbreviations. Scale bars: a-b, 2 mm; c, e, 100 μm; d, 5 mm; f, g, 20 μm

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