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Table 3 Nineteen environmental variables used in this study

From: Landscape genomics reveal that ecological character determines adaptation: a case study in smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria Scop.)

Temperature

(period 1950–2000)

Bio1: Annual mean temperature (°C × 10)

Bio2: Mean diurnal range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min temp))

Bio3: Isothermality (Bio2/Bio7) (×100)

Bio4: Temperature seasonality (standard deviation ×100)

Bio5: Max temperature of warmest month (°C × 10)

Bio6: Min temperature of coldest month (°C × 10)

Bio7: Temperature annual range (E5-E6)

Bio8: Mean temperature of wettest quarter (°C × 10)

Bio9: Mean temperature of driest quarter (°C × 10)

Bio10: Mean temperature of warmest quarter (°C × 10)

Bio11: Mean temperature of coldest quarter (°C × 10)

Precipitation

(period 1950–2000)

Bio12: Annual precipitation (mm)

Bio13: Precipitation of wettest month (mm)

Bio14: Precipitation of driest month (mm)

Bio15: Precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation)

Bio16: Precipitation of wettest quarter (mm)

Bio17: Precipitation of driest quarter (mm)

Bio18: Precipitation of warmest quarter (mm)

Bio19: Precipitation of coldest quarter (mm)