Fig. 3

a Bayesian inference (BI) phylogeny of the ant genus Temnothorax, including myrmicine outgroups, estimated with a constrained, partitioned analysis of a concatenated 10-gene dataset. Node support values are given in Bayesian posterior probability (PP) and maximum likelihood bootstraps (BS); the latter were generated in a separate maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. A node support key is provided in the figure. For all nodes that do not conform to the three categories given, actual support values are noted as PP/BS. The topology of two nodes in the Palearctic III clade were divergent between BI and ML analyses; these nodes are indicated by asterisks. Node constraints used in the BI and ML analyses are indicated by numbers in black boxes. Clade and species group designations suggested by this study or which were supported are shown in black to the right of the phylogram, while species groups from the literature that were found to be paraphyletic are in grey. (b-k) Images of exemplar species of the clades and subclades designated in this study, from antweb.org (b) Leptothorax acervorum Fabricius 1793, worker, profile view, CASENT0173138, photo: April Nobile. c Temnothorax paiute Snelling et al. 2014, worker, profile view, CASENT0005932, photo: Marek Borowiec. d T. poeyi Wheeler 1913, worker, profile view, CASENT0106241, photo: Michael Branstetter. e T. semiruber André 1881, worker, profile view, CASENT0281557, photo: Estella Ortega. f T. rugatulus Emery 1895, worker, profile view, CASENT0102843, photo: Jen Fogarty. g T. obturator Wheeler 1903, worker, profile view, CASENT0104756, photo: April Nobile. h T. pergandei Emery 1895, worker, profile view, CASENT0172989, photo: April Nobile. i T. ravouxi André 1896, worker, profile view, CASENT0173641, photo: April Nobile. j T. unifasciatus Latrielle 1798, worker, profile view, CASENT0173188, photo: April Nobile. k T. muellerianus Finzi 1922, worker, profile view, CASENT0270722, photo: Shannon Hartman