Fig. 3

Demographic reconstruction of the most favored models for each bird studied at 5-fold molecular rates. The colored plot lines represent median posterior estimates of the product of effective population size (N _e ) and generation time (g). Times are in thousands of years before present (Ka). Timeframes are marked by grey areas. LIG, last interglacial period, ~112–132 Ka; LGM, last glacial maximum, ~19–26 Ka