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Table 5 Two-way PERMANCOVA results of candidate gene expression from males, reproducing and non-reproducing females: PERMANCOVA to asses effects of treatment, challenge and their interaction on the relative expression of candidate genes (ΔCt values). A condition factor (K=W/TL3) was included as covariable. Significant results are marked in bold letters. Results of the univariate posthoc analysis (ANCOVA & Tukey HSD) can be found in Additional file 5: Table S5 and Additional file 6: Table S6

From: Parental investment matters for maternal and offspring immune defense in the mouthbrooding cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni

Permancova

Gene categories

Model

Treatment (T)

Challenge (C)

K

T*C

R2

F. Model

Pr (>F)

F. Model

Pr (>F)

F. Model

Pr (>F)

F. Model

Pr (>F)

 All genes

0.64

3.23

0.002

0.76

0.649

0.62

0.755

1.05

0.351

 All IS genes

0.62

3.37

0.003

0.77

0.633

0.81

0.565

1.29

0.243

 Adaptive IS

0.58

3.48

0.001

0.85

0.534

1.39

0.229

2.18

0.062

 All innate IS

0.64

3.46

0.003

0.71

0.685

0.46

0.852

0.78

0.581

 Inflammation

0.74

1.87

0.105

1.01

0.404

0.10

0.971

0.03

0.999

 Oxidative Stress

0.66

2.92

0.031

0.77

0.480

0.34

0.736

0.88

0.423

 Various innate IS

0.61

4.46

0.003

0.51

0.708

0.44

0.675

0.50

0.651

 Antimicrobial Peptides

0.49

6.58

0.011

0.69

0.535

1.62

0.205

1.56

0.218

 Metabolism genes

0.69

3.49

0.049

0.13

0.939

0.03

0.941

0.19

0.741

 Epigenetic genes

0.70

0.93

0.493

2.16

0.063

0.22

0.918

0.88

0.464

 Developmental genes

0.58

5.41

0.006

0.10

0.997

0.06

0.981

1.49

0.230

 Stress related genes

0.75

1.19

0.331

0.98

0.398

0.89

0.457

0.36

0.811

 Complement Component

0.65

3.31

0.001

0.72

0.663

0.48

0.840

0.79

0.559

 Sex related genes

0.55

4.88

0.003

1.55

0.223

0.19

0.885

0.98

0.384

Df Residuals / Model

17

2

 

2

 

1

 

1

 

Df Total

23

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