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Table 6 nested MANOVA results of gene expression analysis of mouthbred juveniles: nested MANOVA to asses effects of maternal challenge, juvenile challenge and their interaction on the relative expression of candidate genes (ΔCt values) in mouthbred juveniles. Female challenge was nested in family. Significant results are marked in bold letters. Results of the univariate posthoc analysis (ANCOVA & Tukey HSD) can be found in Additional file 7: Table S7 and Additional file 8: Table S8

From: Parental investment matters for maternal and offspring immune defense in the mouthbrooding cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni

nested MANOVA

 

All genes

All immune genes

Adaptive genes

Factors

DF

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Juvenile Challenge (jC)

2

1.98

5.35

90

4

0.055

1.16

1.11

52

42

0.362

0.37

0.97

18

76

0.497

Maternal Challenge (mC)

1

1.00

2972.31

45

1

0.015

0.86

4.67

26

20

< 0.001

0.28

1.60

9

37

0.152

jC * mC

2

1.92

1.03

90

4

0.571

1.20

1.21

52

42

0.263

0.31

0.77

18

76

0.726

mC in family

4

3.95

6.87

180

16

0.000

2.85

2.20

104

92

< 0.001

1.24

2.01

36

160

0.002

Residuals

45

               
  

All innate IS

Inflammation

Oxidative Stress

Factors

DF

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Juvenile Challenge (jC)

2

0.75

1.27

30

64

0.211

0.34

1.72

10

84

0.089

0.19

1.50

6

88

0.188

Maternal Challenge (mC)

1

0.80

8.45

15

31

< 0.001

0.28

3.25

5

41

0.015

0.05

0.68

3

43

0.568

jC * mC

2

0.58

0.88

30

64

0.643

0.25

1.18

10

84

0.318

0.13

1.05

6

88

0.398

mC in family

4

1.90

2.06

60

136

< 0.001

0.50

1.26

20

176

0.212

0.39

1.66

12

135

0.082

Residuals

45

               
  

Various innate IS

Antimicrobial Peptides

Complement Components

Factors

DF

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Juvenile Challenge (jC)

2

0.29

1.84

8

86

0.080

0.22

2.84

4

90

0.029

0.77012

1.105

34

60

0.361

Maternal Challenge (mC)

1

0.15

1.88

4

42

0.132

0.06

1.30

2

44

0.283

0.80387

6.992

17

29

< 0.001

jC * mC

2

0.14

0.84

8

86

0.571

0.05

0.59

4

90

0.667

0.64951

0.8487

34

60

0.693

mC in family

4

0.61

2.04

16

180

0.013

0.25

1.58

8

90

0.143

2.19249

2.2833

68

128

< 0.001

Residuals

45

               
  

Epigenetic genes

Developmental genes

Stress related genes

Factors

DF

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Juvenile Challenge (jC)

2

0.25

1.19

10

84

0.306

0.23

1.40

8

86

0.208

0.28

1.76

8

86

0.097

Maternal Challenge (mC)

1

0.31

3.73

5

41

0.007

0.16

1.93

4

42

0.122

0.01

0.13

4

42

0.972

jC * mC

2

0.37

1.90

10

84

0.056

0.21

1.27

8

86

0.268

0.19

1.10

8

86

0.374

mC in family

4

0.70

1.88

20

176

0.017

0.54

1.74

16

180

0.042

0.29

0.89

16

180

0.586

Residuals

45

               
  

Metabolism genes

Sex related genes

 

Factors

DF

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

Pillai

F

n Df

d Df

Pr(>F)

     

Juvenile Challenge (jC)

2

0.13

1.02

6

88

0.418

0.29179

2.5053

6

88

0.027622

     

Maternal Challenge (mC)

1

0.17

2.91

3

43

0.045

0.2595

5.0231

3

43

0.004501

     

jC * mC

2

0.06

0.49

6

88

0.816

0.12935

1.0142

6

88

0.421418

     

mC in family

4

0.32

1.35

12

135

0.196

0.20872

0.8412

12

135

0.608014

     

Residuals

45

               
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BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

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