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Fig. 4 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 4

From: Wnt signaling and polarity in freshwater sponges

Fig. 4

GSK3 knockdown with dsRNA causes multiple oscula in Ephydatia muelleri. a Treatment with 10 μg/ml GSK3 dsRNA causes multiple oscula (arrowheads) to arise. b silicatein M2 dsRNA treated sponges (negative control) develop with a single osculum. c Untreated sponges grown in 1× M-medium alone typically develop 1 osculum. Lower panel show illustrations to clarify the position of canals in black and oscula in green. d The mean maximum number of oscula for each treatment. *** indicates p < 0.005 (Dunn test); difference between controls was not significant (p > 0.05). Bars = standard error

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