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Table 2 Parameter estimated for the Linear Mixed Models (LMM) on the influence of (a) the species of the presented picture and (b) the genetic distance between species on the percentage of time spent looking towards the pictures. The influence (c) of species of the presented picture and (d) the genetic distance between species on the percentage of time spent sniffing the pictures

From: The role of facial pattern variation for species recognition in red-fronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons)

 

Model

Response variable

Random factors

Fixed factors

Estimate

SE

P-value

a

LMM

Percentage of time spent looking towards the pictures

Individual identity

intercept

0.64

0.04

< 0.001

rufous brown lemurs

−0.16

0.05

< 0.01

brown lemurs

−0.30

0.05

< 0.001

white-fronted lemurs

−0.30

0.05

< 0.001

red-bellied lemurs

−0.35

0.05

< 0.001

control

−0.35

0.05

< 0.001

sex

−0.05

0.06

0.47

rufous brown lemurs-sex male

0.10

0.07

0.18

brown lemurs- sex male

0.15

0.07

0.03

white-fronted lemurs-sex male

0.26

0.07

< 0.001

red-bellied lemurs-sex male

0.18

0.07

0.01

control-sex male

0.09

0.07

0.21

b

LMM

Percentage of time spent looking towards the pictures

Individual identity

intercept

0.47

0.03

< 0.001

genetic distance

−0.04

0.009

< 0.001

sex

0.09

0.04

0.06

c

LMM

Percentage of time spent of sniffing events

Individual identity

intercept

0.34

0.04

< 0.001

rufous brown lemurs

−0.10

0.05

< 0.05

brown lemurs

−0.22

0.05

< 0.001

white-fronted lemurs

−0.13

0.05

< 0.05

red-bellied lemurs

−0.23

0.05

< 0.001

control

−0.25

0.05

< 0.001

sex

0.06

0.04

0.19

d

LMM

Percentage of time of sniffing events

Individual identity

intercept

0.25

0.04

< 0.001

genetic distance

−0.03

0.01

< 0.01

sex

0.06

0.05

0.27