Fig. 2

Human drugs for ASD mitigated cavefish-type symptoms in F₁ hybrid and cavefish. (a-e) Adherence to 40-Hz vibration stimulus. Vibration attraction behavior is represented by the square-rooted number of approaches during a 3-min assay. (f-j) Swimming distance (m per 24-h assay). (k-o) The changes in sleep duration (h per 24-h assay). Before and after treatment of drugs used for ASD patients—aripiprazole (a, f, k), risperidone (b, g, l), fluoxetine (c, h, m), clozapine (d, i, n), naltrexone (e, j, o)—were observed for 24 h each and plotted with means ± s.e.m. In these cases, there are significant shifts of cavefish behaviors after treatment towards the surface fish behaviors before treatment, except for the naltrexone treatments. Stars indicate the significant behavioral changes between before and after drug treatments (paired t-test adjusted by Bonferroni correction, ***: P < 0.001, **: P < 0.01, *: P < 0.05). Black line: surface fish, and orange line: cavefish. All statistics are available in Additional file 11. Black dashed lines in a-e indicate the threshold level of vibration attraction behavior (square-rooted number of approaches equals 2) [20]