Fig. 5

Correlations between gene turnover and effective population size. a. Gene turnover, T, was defined as the rate of gene gains divided by the rate of gene losses at each branch of each species tree. Rates of gene gains and losses were estimated using a posterior probability threshold of 0.2. For each branch of the same species trees, the dS/dN ratio was estimated using CodeML (see Methods), and the Spearman’s correlation between T and dS/dN ratios computed for each species. The distribution of the coefficient rho across species is represented. b. Species were organized into three categories: those with a positive correlation between gene turnover T and dS/dN (top, Spearman’s correlation, P < 0.05); those with no significant correlation between T and dS/dN (middle; Spearman’s correlation, P ≥ 0.05); and those with a negative correlation between T and dS/dN (bottom, Spearman’s correlation, P < 0.05)