From: Morphological evolution and modularity of the caecilian skull
 | Landmark position |
---|---|
1 | Nasopremaxilla, palatal surface: medial extreme of tooth row |
2 | Maxillopalatine, lateral surface: posterior extreme |
3 | Nasopremaxilla, dorsal surface: anteromedial position |
4 | Nasopremaxilla, dorsal surface: medial suture with frontal |
5 | Frontal: most lateral suture position with nasal |
6 | Parietal: suture with os basale along midline |
7 | Os basale: dorsal extreme of foramen magnum |
8 | Vomer: posterior extreme, medial to the choana |
9 | Os basale: ventral extreme of foramen magnum |
10 | Os basale, ventral surface: anteromedial extreme on the anteriorly projecting process |
11 | Quadrate: medial extreme of jaw joint articular surface |
12 | Quadrate: lateral extreme of jaw joint articular surface |
13 | Nasopremaxilla: lateral suture with frontal |
14 | Maxillopalatine, interdental plate: anteromedial extreme of tooth row |
15 | Maxillopalatine, interdental plate: posterolateral extreme |
16 | Maxillopalatine, interdental plate: anteromedial extreme |
17 | Maxillopalatine, maxillary plate: anterior extreme |
18 | Maxillopalatine, maxillary plate: posterior extreme of tooth row |
19 | Maxillopalatine, maxillary plate: inflection point where bone splits to surround the choana |
20 | Nasopremaxilla, palatal surface: lateral extreme of tooth row |
21 | Nasopremaxilla, palatal surface: posteromedial extreme |
22 | Vomer: medial extreme of tooth row |
23 | Vomer: lateral extreme of tooth row |
24 | Os basale, ventral surface: medial position on the muscle ridge |
25 | Os basale, ventral surface: lateral position on the muscle ridge |
26 | Os basale, ventral surface: closest position to vomer |
27 | Os basale: dorsal extreme of occipital condyle |
28 | Os basale: ventral extreme of occipital condyle |
29 | Os basale: posterior extreme of fenestra ovalis |
30 | Os basale: lateral extreme along suture with parietal |
31 | Squamosal: anteromedial extreme |
32 | Squamosal: ventral extreme along suture with maxillopalatine |
33 | Squamosal: posteromedial extreme |
34 | Squamosal: posteroventral extreme |
35 | Frontal: suture with nasal along midline |
36 | Frontal: suture with parietal along midline |
37 | Frontal: lateral extreme suture with parietal |
38 | Parietal: suture with frontal along midline |
39 | Parietal: anterolateral position of parietal |
40 | Parietal: posterolateral extreme* |
41 | Maxillopalatine, lateral surface: anterior extreme of tooth row (dorsal) |
42 | Maxillopalatine, lateral surface: posterior extreme of tooth row, behind last tooth |
43 | Nasopremaxilla, dorsal surface: posterolateral extreme above tooth row |
44 | Nasopremaxilla, dorsal surface: anterior extreme of nares opening |
45 | Nasopremaxilla, dorsal surface: dorsal extreme of nares opening |
46 | Nasopremaxilla, dorsal surface: lateral extreme of nares opening |
47 | Nasopremaxilla, dorsal surface: ventral extreme of nares opening |
48 | Quadrate, lateral surface: anterolateral extreme |
49 | Maxillopalatine, interdental plate: anterolateral to the most posterior tooth |
50 | Os basale: anteromedial suture with parietal |
51 | Maxillopalatine, maxillary plate: posterior extreme of choanal rim |
52 | Maxillopalatine, maxillary plate: anterior extreme of choanal rim |
53 | Quadrate, lateral surface: anteromedial extreme |
54 | Quadrate, lateral surface: maximum curvature of jaw joint articular surface |
55 | Stapes, lateral aspect: anterior extreme of the rod, positioned midway dorsoventrally* |
56 | Stapes: position adjacent to posterior extreme of fenestra ovalis* |
57 | Stapes: position adjacent to anterior extreme of fenestra ovalis* |
58 | Stapes: position adjacent to dorsal extreme of fenestra ovalis* |
59 | Stapes: position adjacent to ventral extreme of fenestra ovalis* |
60 | Pterygoid process of quadrate (or if absent, pterygoid): posteromedial extreme of ventral surface* |
61 | Pterygoid process of quadrate (or if absent, pterygoid): posterolateral extreme of ventral surface* |
62 | Pterygoid process of quadrate (or if absent, pterygoid): anteromedial extreme of ventral surface* |
63 | Maxillopalatine, lateral surface: posterodorsal suture with squamosal* |
64 | Maxillopalatine, lateral surface: anterodorsal extreme* |
65 | Maxillopalatine: if tentacular groove present, suture with nasal and frontal* |
66 | Maxillopalatine: tentacular groove (if present), anterior extreme* |
67 | Maxillopalatine: tentacular groove (if present), posterior extreme* |
68 | Maxillopalatine: tentacular groove (if present), ventral extreme* |
69 | Mesethmoid (if absent, frontal): anteromedial extreme* |
70 | Mesethmoid (if absent, frontal): posteromedial extreme* |
71 | Postfrontal (if absent, squamosal): antero-dorsal extreme* |
72 | Pterygoid (if present): posteromedial extreme of ventral surface* |
73 | Pterygoid (if present): posterolateral extreme of ventral surface* |
74 | Pterygoid (if present): anteromedial extreme of ventral surface* |