DNA barcoding a unique avifauna: an important tool for evolution, systematics and conservation

Table 3 List of New Zealand species that show geographically structured populations or divergent lineages. Indicated are New Zealand specific lineages, splits within New Zealand and the presence of subspecies recognised by Clements [87]. Individual clusters are separated by the symbol /

Family	Common name	Scientific name	New Zealand Status^a	No. of specimens in each cluster	Bootstrap^b	Mean distance	Collection areas^c	New Zealand specific	Split within New Zealand	Subspecies	Ref
Spheniscidae	Gentoo penguin	Pygoscelis papua	N	5/6	100/100	2.37	MQI/FI			Y	[89]
Spheniscidae	Blue penguin	Eudyptula minor	N	8/4	100/100	3.63	NI, SI/AUS	Y			[70, 105]
Procellariidae	South Georgia diving petrel	Pelecanoides georgicus	N	2/1/2	100/−/100	7.42	CI/HI/SG	Y			[75, 106]
Procellariidae	Little shearwater	Puffinus assimilis	N	6/2	100/100	1.90	KI/MI, AKL		Y	Y	[107]
Hydrobatidae	Wilson’s storm petrel	Oceanites oceanicus	N	1/2	−/100	2.43	AUS/CHL			Y
Hydrobatidae	White-faced storm petrel	Pelagodroma marina	N	7/2/1	99/92/−	4.58	MI, NI/KI/AUS	Y	Y	Y	[77]
Ardeidae	Great egret	Ardea alba	N	4/1/1/6	99/−/−/78	4.85	IND, KOR/AUS/JPN/ NA, SA			Y
Phasianidae	Ring-necked pheasant	Phasianus colchicus	I	4/2	100/100	1.78	USA, NZL, RUS/NOR, SWE			Y
Charadriidae	Spur-winged plover	Vanellus miles	N	1/1	−/−	2.47	Nth-AUS/NZ	Y		Y
Scolopacidae	Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus	N	3/2	100/100	3.28	RUS, AUS/CAN, BRA			Y
Strigidae	Little owl	Athene noctua	I	3/2	100/100	5.54	?/UK,?			Y	[108]
Strigidae	Morepork	Ninox novaeseelandiae	N	2/7	100/100	2.84	AUS/NZL	Y		Y
Acanthisittidae	Rifleman	Acanthisitta chloris	E	4/5	82/90	1.86	MBH/HKB		Y	Y	[109]
Alaudidae	Eurasian skylark	Alauda arvensis	I	2/7	100/100	7.83	JPN/NZL, USA, NOR			Y	[29]
Motacillidae	Australasian pipit	Anthus novaeseelandiae	N	5/1	100/−	4.07	NZL/AUS	Y		Y	[110]
Petroicidae	South Island robin	Petroica australis	E	10/6	100/100	4.12	NI/SI		Y	Y	[78]

^aE endemic, N native and I introduced
^bBootstrap support (%) for each cluster and the mean distance (%) between all clusters
^cNZL New Zealand, NI North Island, SI South Island, AKL Auckland, HKB Hawke’s Bay, MBH Marlborough, KI Kermadec Islands, MI Mokohinau Island, AI Antipodes Island, CI Codfish Island. Collection areas outside of New Zealand: HI Heard Island, MQI Macquarie Island, FI Falkland Islands, SG South Georgia, JPN Japan, USA United States, NOR Norway, IND India, KOR South Korea, NLD Netherlands, SWE Sweden, AUS Australia, CHL Chile, RUS Russia, NA North America, SA South America,? = unknown

ISSN: 2730-7182