Fig. 8

Phylogenetic tree to illustrate the evolution of Tektin-3/5 in bilaterian species. This phylogenetic analysis includes the Tektin-3/5 sequences identified in bilaterian species. The nine spiralians include five mollusks (Ac, Bg, Lg, Cg, Pf), one platyhelminthes (Mli), two annelids (Pd, Ct), and one brachiopod (La). The 17 ecdysozoans include many insects, one myriapod (Sma), and one priapulid (Pc). The invertebrate deuterostomes are represented by one echinoderm (Sp), one hemichordate (Sk), one cephalochordate (Bf), and one urochordate (Ci). The vertebrate deuterostomes are represented by eight teleost fish (Am, El, Sf, Ss, On, Dr., Tr, and Ch), one holostei fish (Lo), one chondrichthyes (Cm), one sarcopterygian fish (Lc), three amphibians (Xl, Amb, Nvi), one reptile (Cpb), two avians (Ap, Gg), and three mammal species (Oa, Mm, Hs). In addition, Tektin-4 sequences from C. gigas, P. dumerilii, S. kowalevskii, D. rerio and H. sapiens were included as an outgroup. The tree was rooted with N. vectensis Tektin-1/4/3/5A. Both Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses were performed using Mr. Bayes and RAxML, respectively. The Bayesian tree topology is shown. Node support is shown for non-terminal nodes. Posterior probability values from Mr. Bayes and bootstrap values from RAxML are shown above or below each node, respectively. Diamonds indicate support less than 80%. “X” under a node indicates that this node was not recovered in the RAxML maximum likelihood tree. The large colored boxes group Tektin-3/5 sequences of major bilaterian branches, the spiralians (light blue), the ecdysozoans (purple), the invertebrate deuterostomes (pink), and the deuterostome vertebrates (orange). The smaller colored boxes within spiralians, ecdysozoans and vertebrates highlight three independent gene duplications of the tektin-3/5 gene at the base of spiralians giving rise to Tektin-3/5A (dark green) and tektin-3/5B (light green), at the base of insect hymenopterans giving rise to Tektin-3/5a and − 3/5b (dark pink), and at the base of vertebrates giving rise to Tektin-3 (dark purple) and Tektin-5 (light grey), respectively. Note that most teleost fish species (dark grey), and two of the three amphibian species (Nvi and Xl) retained Tektin-3 but lost Tektin-5. Note that the tektin-3/5 gene exists as a single copy gene in most ecdysozoans and the four invertebrate deuterostomes (Sp, Sk, Bf, Ci). Species abbreviations and accession numbers for each sequence are provided in Additional file 5