Fig. 2

Reduced Joining Network of haplogroup O1a1*-P203 constructed using 17 Y-STR loci. Haplogroup O1a1*-P203 is prominent among Thao (87.5%) and the Taiwan northern peoples Tsou, Bunun, and Saisiyat. Color codes: white = Northern Taiwan aboriginals (Atayal, Taroko, Saisiyat), red = Southern Taiwan Aboriginals (Rukai, Paiwan, Puyuma), yellow = Tsou, light blue = Taiwan plains peoples/Pingpu peoples, black = non-TwA (Fujian and Taiwan Han), pink = Filipinos, and green = Indonesia. Circles are sized proportional to the frequency of the Y-STR haplotypes and branch lengths are proportional to the number of mutational steps. Marked quadrants (1 to 4) delineate four (non-restricted) sub-networks of O1a1*-P203 (1: Taiwan Northern groups, 2: Thao, 3: non-Taiwan Aborigines and 4: Taiwan Plain peoples/Pingpu peoples and Southern peoples). The gray crossed nodes with a blue circle in sector 2 represent Thao