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Table 1 Overview of calibration prior details

From: East African cichlid lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae) might be older than their ancient host lakes: new divergence estimates for the east African cichlid radiation

Cichlid fossils and geological events used as calibration points:

Parameter settings (Beast):

Calibration point

Fossil/event

Estimated age

Calibrated clade

Offset

Standard deviation

Mean

Distribution

A1

Tremembichthys

55.8–23.03 Ma (Tremembé formation)

Cichlasomatini

23.03

0.67

2.39

Log normal

A2

Tremembichthys

55.8–23.03 Ma (Tremembé formation)

Heroini

23.03

0.67

2.39

Log normal

B

Gymnogeophagus eocenicus

45.4–39.9 Ma (Lumbrera formation)

Mikrogeophagus ramirezi, Gymnogeophagus balzanii, ‘Geophagusbarsiliensis

39.9

0.8

2.4

Log normal

C

Plesioheros chaulidus

45.4–39.9 Ma (Lumbrera formation)

Heroini (except: of Pterophyllum and Hypselecara)

39.9

0.8

2.4

Log normal

D

Oreochromis lorenzoi

7.24–5.33 Ma (Gessoso-Solfifera formation)

Oreochromini

5.98

1.148

1.8

Log normal

E1

Tugenchromis pickfordi

9–10 Ma (Ngorora Formation)

C-lineage (sensu Clabaut et al., 2005): ‘ancient Tanganyika mouth-brooders’, ‘Malagarasi-Orthochromis’, ‘Ctenochromis’ pectoralis and Haplochromini

9

0.98

2

Log normal

E2

Tugenchromis pickfordi

9–10 Ma (Ngorora Formation)

H-lineage (sensu Nishida, 1991): ‘ancient Tanganyika mouth-brooders’, ‘Malagarasi-Orthochromis’, ‘Ctenochromis’ pectoralis, Haplochromini and Eretmodini

9

0.98

2

Log normal

E3

Tugenchromis pickfordi

9–10 Ma (Ngorora Formation)

East African Radiation (EAR)

9

0.98

2

Log normal

F

Onset Lake Barombi Mbo

1.12–0.98 Ma

Barombi Mbo species flock

0.0

0.07

0.98 (real space)

Log normal

Mahengeochromis

45.83 ± 0.17 (Singida kimberlite field)

Root calibration

 R1a

Time range:

46–174.78 Ma

Based on:

Age of †Mahengeochromis & the oldest maximum age estimate for the family Cichlidae (López-Fernández et al. 2013)

 

46

0.44

3.99

Log normal

 R1b

46–174.78 Ma

as for R1a

 

0

Lower Bound: 46

Upper bound: 174.78

uniform

 R2

82.2–98.9 Ma

Estimated divergence age for the family Cichlidae by Matschiner et al. (2016)

 

82.17

0.455

2.07

Log normal

Combination of calibration points of the different calibration sets:

 

Included calibration points

 

Included calibration points:

 

Included calibration points:

 

 Set 1

A1, B, C, D, E2, F, R1a

Set 7

A1, B, C, E1, F, R1a

Set 13

B, C, D, E1, F, R2

 

 Set 2

A1, B, C, D, E1, F, R1a

Set 8

A1, B, C, E1, F, R2

Set 14

A1, C, D, E1, F, R2

 

 Set 3

A1, B, C, D, E2, F, R2

Set 9

A1, B, C, D, E3, F, R1a

Set 15

A1, B, C, D, E1, R2

 

 Set 4

A1, B, C, D, E1, F, R2

Set 10

A1, B, C, D, E3, F, R2

Set 16

A1, B, C, D, E1, F

 

 Set 5

A1, B, C, D, F, R1a

Set 11

A1, B, C, D, E1, F, R1b

Set 17

A2, B, C, D, E1, F, R2

 

 Set 6

A1, B, C, D, F, R2

Set 12 (third codon position stripped)

A1, B, C, D, E1, F, R2

Set 18 (Nuclear data)

A, B, C, D, E1, F, R2

 
  1. Fossil taxa are indicated by †