Fig. 3

The copulation position of D. nannoptera and D. pachea is asymmetric. Copulation angles of D. pachea couples and of nine related Drosophila species; aca: D. acanthoptera, bro: D. bromeliae, buz: D. buzzatii, mac: D. machalilla, mel: D. melanogaster, moj: D. mojavensis, nan: D. nannoptera, pac: D. pachea, tri: D. tripunctata, wil: D. willistoni. (a,b) Copulation angle at the settling time point (settling, see material and methods) and at the 10% stable copulation time point (10pct), respectively. Stars indicate significant rejection of the null hypothesis: angle = 0 (Table 2, GLM fit angle~species **: p < 0.001, ***: p < 0.0001). Numbers below each boxplot indicate the number of observations. The dashed lines indicate an angle of zero degrees. (c-e) Copulation angles over the course of copulation of D. melanogaster (mel), D. acanthoptera (aca), D. pachea (pac) and D. nannoptera (nan). n indicates the number of observations. Grey lines connect points obtained from the same copulation couple over time. The dashed lines indicate an angle of zero degrees