Genetic, phenotypic and ecological differentiation suggests incipient speciation in two Charadrius plovers along the Chinese coast

Table 1 Sampling localities and genetic polymorphism of C. alexandrinus and C. dealbatus. The number of individuals (n) analyzed for mtDNA, autosomal microsatellites and nuclear exonic loci (nuDNA) are given. Site number corresponds to the numbers in Fig. 1. Estimates of h, number of haplotypes; Hd, haplotype diversity; π, nucleotide diversity; Tajima’s D value, Ho, observed heterozygosity; He, expected heterozygosity were calculated for each locality and species

Site		Latitude	Longitude	mtDNA					Microsatellites			nuDNA
Site		Latitude	Longitude	n	h	Hd	π	Tajima’s D	n	Ho	He	n	Tajima’s D
C. alexandrinus				224	86	0.929	0.00181	−1.863*	219	0.723	0.802	30–40	0.216
1	Qinghai Lake	36.693	100.758	30	13	0.846	0.00119	−1.785	30	0.703	0.756	13–22
2	Tangshan	39.169	118.772	23	16	0.945	0.00171	−1.434	30	0.797	0.800	12–20
3	Cangzhou	38.471	117.682	14	8	0.868	0.00097	−0.871	16	0.774	0.791
4	Weifang	37.131	119.484	21	14	0.895	0.00158	−1.687	22	0.671	0.787
5	Lianyungang	34.742	119.243	28	20	0.963	0.00189	−1.166	30	0.697	0.777
6	Nantong	32.575	121.043	25	12	0.913	0.00185	−0.016	26	0.731	0.796
7	Zhoushan	29.991	122.151	19	11	0.924	0.00111	−0.141	20	0.746	0.779
8	Ningbo	30.205	120.918	25	18	0.963	0.00179	−0.958	29	0.751	0.793
9	Wenzhou	27.937	120.919	14	13	0.989	0.00161	−1.048	16	0.740	0.768
10	Xinbei	25.862	119.614	14	6	0.736	0.00108	−0.971	30	0.672	0.700	2–8
11	Zhanghua	24.559	118.297	11	5	0.709	0.00076	−0.893	22	0.692	0.669	4–8
C. dealbatus				133	29	0.667	0.00086	−1.989*	131	0.714	0.758	23–28	0.326
12	Fuzhou	25.190	121.392	29	12	0.874	0.00108	−1.445	15	0.718	0.761	5–8
13	Xiamen	24.162	120.402	18	6	0.699	0.00075	−1.532	12	0.755	0.748
14	Jinmen	24.448	118.600	13	7	0.731	0.00110	−1.362	15	0.733	0.703
15	Shanwei	22.798	115.418	15	3	0.590	0.00039	0.221	23	0.669	0.696
16	Yangjiang	21.589	111.758	10	5	0.822	0.00158	−0.144	11	0.713	0.718
17	Zhanjiang	20.238	109.921	18	7	0.569	0.00099	−1.696	20	0.719	0.721
18	Beihai	21.426	109.196	18	4	0.314	0.00044	−1.849*	23	0.692	0.695	18–12
19	Dongfang	19.234	109.804	12	2	0.167	0.00019	−1.141	12	0.763	0.679
All				357	109	0.922	0.00216	−1.741	402	0.719	0.780	55–80	0.271

ISSN: 2730-7182