Table 2 Hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on concatenated mtDNA data and 13 microsatellite loci for C. alexandrinus and C. dealbatus. Samples were partitioned in three groupings: 2 groups (C. alexandrinus and C. dealbatus); 3 groups (C. alexandrinus continental populations and Taiwan island populations, C. dealbatus); 4 groups (C. alexandrinus inland (Qinghai Lake), C. alexandrinus coastal, C. alexandrinus Taiwan island, and C. dealbatus). Va, genetic variation among groups; Vb, variation among populations within groups; Vc, variation within populations. Between-group genetic differentiation was highest when populations were partitioned into two groups (C. alexandrinus and C. dealbatus)

From: Genetic, phenotypic and ecological differentiation suggests incipient speciation in two Charadrius plovers along the Chinese coast