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Fig. 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 3

From: Embryogenesis of flattened colonies implies the innovation required for the evolution of spheroidal colonies in volvocine green algae

Fig. 3

Successive cell divisions and slight shifting of daughter protoplasts during embryogenesis of T. socialis. Successive stages of an embryo observed by time-lapse analysis from the anterior-lateral view (Additional file 5). All images are at the same magnification. Scale bars: 5 μm. Note the longitudinal axis of each daughter protoplast, indicated by the positions of apical ends (arrowheads) and chloroplasts (uppercase letters). Uppercase letters (A and B) correspond with those in Additional file 6: Figure S2 h. a Prior to embryogenesis. b Two-celled stage. c Early 4-celled stage. Daughter protoplasts do not rotate during cell divisions (a–c). d Mid 4-celled stage. e Late 4-celled stage. One pair of diagonally opposed daughter protoplasts (A) has shifted slightly toward the anterior of the embryo relative to the other pair (B) (c–e)

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