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Fig. 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 3

From: Trusting the hand that feeds: microbes evolve to anticipate a serial transfer protocol as individuals or collectives

Fig. 3

Virtual Microbes adapt to anticipate the regularity of a serial transfer protocol. a Growth dynamics of early population (green) and evolved populations (blue) in terms of cell counts. (WT03#1 taken as an illustrative example). b-c Two WTs (green) and the population after prolonged evolution in the serial transfer protocol (blue) are shown as an illustration of the anticipation effects. Over the course of 3 cycles, the average cell volume is plotted against time for the ancestral WT (green) and for the evolved population (blue). The y-axis (cell volume) indicates the minimal viable volume and division volume (which are fixed for the model), and the evolved volume-at-transfer (as measured at the end of the third cycle). Daily and extended yield are measured as defined in the method section. After the third cycle, serial transfer is stopped (transparent area), showing decreased survival of the evolved populations with respect to their ancestor. d Stacked density distributions are plotted for the volume-at-transfer both early (transfer 0-40, green) and late (transfer 760-800, blue). e The evolved changes in yield both “daily” (within one cycle of the protocol) and “extended” (after prolonged starvation) for all 16 WTs

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