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Table 2 Changes in PrR and demographic values through time

From: Asian elephants exhibit post-reproductive lifespans

Cut-off year

N

PrR

Age B

Age M

e B

e M

Maximum lifespan

Oldest birth

1960

998

0.359

11

22

5

3

28

22

1961

1076

0.394

11

22

5

4

29

22

1962

1170

0.326

11

24

6

3

30

24

1963

1253

0.302

12

25

7

3

31

25

1964

1318

0.309

13

26

7

2

32

26

1965

1396

0.219

13

28

8

2

33

28

1966

1468

0.248

13

28

9

2

34

28

1967

1535

0.209

13

29

9

2

35

29

1968

1609

0.173

14

31

9

2

36

31

1969

1696

0.223

14

31

9

2

37

31

1970

1763

0.219

14

32

9

2

38

32

1971

1807

0.200

14

33

10

2

39

33

1972

1859

0.174

15

35

9

2

40

35

1973

1932

0.207

15

35

10

2

41

35

1974

1986

0.080

15

40

10

3

42

42

1975

2051

0.109

15

40

11

4

43

42

1976

2106

0.130

15

40

11

3

44

42

1977

2159

0.153

15

40

12

2

45

42

1978

2205

0.164

15

39

12

3

46

42

1979

2251

0.165

15

40

12

3

47

42

1980

2292

0.157

15

41

13

3

48

42

1981

2337

0.112

16

44

13

2

49

44

1982

2415

0.164

16

43

13

3

50

44

1983

2459

0.189

16

43

13

2

51

44

1984

2528

0.036

17

50

13

2

52

52

1985

2580

0.043

17

50

13

3

53

52

1986

2639

0.049

17

50

14

3

54

52

1987

2697

0.073

17

50

15

2

55

52

1988

2727

0.099

17

50

15

2

56

52

1989

2793

0.113

17

50

16

2

57

52

1990

2851

0.080

17

50

16

2

58

52

1991

2900

0.048

17

54

16

2

59

54

1992

2940

0.064

17

54

17

2

60

54

1993

2982

0.048

17

55

17

2

60

55

1994

3012

0.056

17

54

18

2

60

55

1995

3042

0.013

17

58

18

1

60

58

1996

3066

0.014

17

58

19

2

60

58

1997

3097

0.017

17

58

20

2

60

58

1998

3118

0.054

17

55

20

3

61

58

1999

3148

0.080

17

54

20

3

62

58

2000

3190

0.100

17

54

21

3

63

58

2001

3230

0.113

17

54

21

3

64

58

2002

3262

0.101

17

56

21

3

65

58

2003

3287

0.134

17

55

21

3

66

58

2004

3315

0.155

17

54

22

4

67

58

2005

3352

0.147

17

54

22

4

68

58

2006

3379

0.171

17

53

22

5

69

58

2007

3408

0.181

17

53

22

5

70

59

2008

3446

0.171

17

54

23

5

71

59

2009

3502

0.168

17

54

23

5

72

59

2010

3536

0.163

17

54

23

5

73

59

2011

3582

0.142

17

56

24

5

74

64

2012

3623

0.149

17

56

24

5

74

64

2013

3661

0.152

17

56

25

5

75

64

2014

3715

0.158

17

56

25

5

76

64

2015

3769

0.163

17

55

26

6

76

64

2016

3793

0.163

17

55

26

6

76

64

2017

3799

0.161

17

55

26

6

76

64

2018

3802

0.162

17

55

26

6

76

64

  1. Ages B and M are the ages at 5 and 95% population fecundity, respectively, whilst eB and eM are the expected female lifespan at ages B and M (rounded to the nearest whole number)