Table 1 The frequency distribution of modern horse mtDNA control-region haplogroups across the world
From: Local origin or external input: modern horse origin in East Asia
| Â | Â | breed, region, country | sample size | haplogroups | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | I | EFG | H | L | M | N | OP | Q | R | ||||
NEA | 1 | YL, NWC, China | 13 | 0 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 0 | 15.4 | 0 | 0 | 23.0 | 38.5 | 0 |
2 | KZK, NWC, China | 43 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 20.9 | 2.3 | 16.3 | 9.3 | 11.6 | 4.7 | 20.9 | 7.0 | |
3 | YQ, NWC, China | 22 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 22.7 | 4.5 | 13.6 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 18.2 | 13.6 | 0 | |
4 | BLK, NWC, China | 50 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 30.0 | 14.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 26.0 | 0 | |
5 | CDM, NWC, China | 24 | 20.8 | 0 | 8.3 | 0 | 25.0 | 0 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 37.5 | 0 | |
6 | DT, NWC, China | 30 | 16.7 | 3.3 | 13.3 | 6.7 | 23.3 | 3.4 | 13.3 | 0 | 16.7 | 3.3 | |
7 | DLH, NWC, China | 13 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 38.5 | 0 | 23.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15.4 | 0 | |
8 | MG, MG, Mongolia | 50 | 0 | 8.0 | 14.0 | 0 | 14.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 16.0 | 28.0 | 2.0 | |
9 | IMG, NC, China | 76 | 1.3 | 5.3 | 18.4 | 1.3 | 19.7 | 3.9 | 6.6 | 21.1 | 21.1 | 1.3 | |
10 | WSE, NC, China | 12 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 50.0 | 0 | |
11 | SS, NC, China | 13 | 0 | 0 | 30.7 | 0 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 0 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 0 | |
12 | WZMQ, NC, China | 15 | 0 | 0 | 26.7 | 0 | 20.0 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 20.0 | 0 | |
13 | XNH, NC, China | 30 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 3.3 | 0 | 26.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 16.6 | 20.0 | 6.7 | |
14 | BR, NC, China | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
15 | SH, NC, China | 12 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 0 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 0 | 0 | 33.4 | 8.3 | |
16 | ELC, NEC, China | 29 | 24.1 | 3.4 | 10.4 | 0 | 24.1 | 7.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 20.8 | 3.4 | |
17 | HH, NEC, China | 17 | 0 | 11.8 | 29.4 | 0 | 17.6 | 11.8 | 0 | 11.8 | 17.6 | 0 | |
18 | JL, NEC, China | 25 | 12.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 24.0 | 20.0 | 4.0 | |
19 | KJU, FE, Korea | 25 | 12.0 | 24.0 | 12.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 | 8.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 0 | |
20 | JAN, FE, Japan | 9 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 22.2 | 0 | 11.1 | 0 | 11.1 | 0 | 33.4 | 0 | |
SEA | 21 | GS, CC, China | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 16.7 |
22 | SXNQ, CC, China | 14 | 0 | 7.1 | 14.3 | 0 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 14.3 | 50.0 | 0 | |
23 | SXGZ, CC, China | 70 | 0 | 0 | 8.5 | 0 | 34.3 | 28.6 | 0 | 28.6 | 0 | 0 | |
24 | HBL, CC, China | 14 | 0 | 0 | 7.1 | 0 | 35.8 | 28.6 | 7.1 | 0 | 0 | 21.4 | |
25 | JZI, WC, China | 17 | 11.8 | 5.9 | 11.8 | 0 | 23.5 | 11.8 | 0 | 0 | 35.2 | 0 | |
26 | LKZ, WC, China | 10 | 0 | 0 | 30.0 | 0 | 50.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 | 10.0 | 0 | |
27 | NIM, WC, China | 13 | 30.8 | 0 | 7.7 | 0 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 0 | 7.7 | 30.8 | 7.7 | |
28 | TB, WC, China | 18 | 22.2 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 27.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | |
29 | YS, WC, China | 7 | 0 | 28.6 | 0 | 0 | 57.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.3 | 0 | |
30 | HQ, WC, China | 33 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 42.4 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 6.1 | 18.2 | 6.1 | |
31 | SCT, SWC, China | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | |
32 | YNT, SWC, China | 6 | 0 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | 66.6 | 0 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
33 | ZD, SWC, China | 22 | 9.1 | 4.6 | 13.6 | 9.1 | 31.8 | 22.7 | 0 | 0 | 9.1 | 0 | |
34 | LJ, SWC, China | 16 | 25.0 | 6.3 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 37.4 | 0 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | |
35 | LH, SWC, China | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
36 | JC, SWC, China | 33 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 24.1 | 18.2 | 6.1 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 0 | |
37 | TC, SWC, China | 17 | 0 | 0 | 17.6 | 0 | 35.3 | 5.9 | 0 | 11.8 | 29.4 | 0 | |
38 | DAL, SWC, China | 23 | 8.7 | 0 | 13.0 | 0 | 34.9 | 13.0 | 0 | 4.4 | 13.0 | 13.0 | |
39 | WM, SWC, China | 17 | 5.9 | 0 | 11.8 | 0 | 52.9 | 5.8 | 0 | 0 | 17.7 | 5.9 | |
40 | GZ, SWC, China | 73 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 8.2 | 32.9 | 6.8 | 0 | 4.1 | 20.6 | 8.2 | |
41 | LP, SWC, China | 12 | 8.3 | 0 | 41.7 | 33.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.3 | 8.3 | |
42 | DB, SWC, China | 19 | 0 | 0 | 15.8 | 0 | 52.6 | 15.8 | 0 | 0 | 5.3 | 10.5 | |
43 | WSA, SWC, China | 42 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 14.3 | 38.0 | 9.5 | 0 | 7.1 | 4.8 | 16.7 | |
44 | YNP, SWC, China | 16 | 0 | 0 | 62.5 | 0 | 31.2 | 0 | 0 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | |
45 | MAG, SWC, China | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | 50.0 | 0 | |
46 | MLP, SWC, China | 8 | 0 | 0 | 12.5 | 0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 0 | 25.0 | 0 | 37.5 | |
47 | BIS, SWC, China | 22 | 18.2 | 0 | 13.6 | 4.6 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 0 | 0 | 13.6 | 22.7 | |
SA | 48 | Â | 12 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 33.3 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.3 | 0 |
CA | 49 | Â | 48 | 12.5 | 18.8 | 0 | 8.3 | 20.8 | 14.6 | 0 | 2.1 | 20.8 | 2.1 |
NA | 50 | Â | 38 | 0 | 21.1 | 2.6 | 10.5 | 34.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 15.8 | 7.9 | 2.6 |
WA | 51 | Â | 170 | 1.2 | 14.1 | 0.6 | 13.5 | 33.5 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 10.0 | 12.4 | 1.2 |
EE | 52 | Â | 23 | 13.0 | 17.4 | 0 | 26.1 | 8.7 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 8.7 | 0 | 0 |
SE | 53 | Â | 366 | 1.1 | 20.5 | 2.5 | 7.1 | 44.5 | 3.0 | 10.7 | 2.5 | 6.0 | 2.2 |
CE | 54 | Â | 129 | 0.8 | 10.9 | 0.8 | 9.3 | 40.3 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 3.1 | 16.3 |
NE | 55 | Â | 51 | 11.8 | 9.8 | 0 | 9.8 | 11.8 | 23.5 | 13.7 | 5.9 | 13.7 | 0 |
WE | 56 | Â | 436 | 11.0 | 6.9 | 2.1 | 14 | 40.8 | 13.5 | 8.3 | 0 | 3.2 | 0.2 |
AF | 57 | Â | 25 | 0 | 4.0 | 0 | 4.0 | 88.0 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
NAM | 58 | Â | 86 | 0 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 | 82.6 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 0 | 1.2 | 0 |
SAM | 59 | Â | 54 | 0 | 5.6 | 0 | 9.3 | 55.6 | 7.4 | 16.7 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 0 |