Fig. 6

Ancestral state reconstructions of Viburnum fruit color, using maximum likelihood and parsimony and two different models of character evolution (equal rates/costs and paedomorphy). a Maximum likelihood reconstructs the ancestral state of Nectarotinus as most likely black-synchronous or red under the equal rates model, and as black-synchronous under the paedomorphy model. b Parsimony reconstructs the ancestor of Nectarotinus as red according to the equal rates model, but as black-synchronous or red according to the paedomorphy model. None of these analyses strongly support a paedomorphy hypothesis in which the ancestor of Nectarotinus was black-sequential. The Nectarotinus clade is indicated by the dashed line, and the colors of branches, tip labels, and node reconstructions indicate the fruit color category of the species (purple = black-sequential, black = black-synchronous, red = red-synchronous, blue = blue-synchronous)