Fig. 1
Example run illustrating that extinction is faster with ecological dynamics. Oscillations of host and parasite genotype abundances in the Evo + process with constant population size and EcoEvo + process with changing population size. The simulations start with an equal abundance of both genotypes H1(0)=H2(0)=NH/2 and P1(0)=P2(0)=NP/2. Method: Simulation of the stochastic processes with the Gillespie algorithm. Parameters: Total population sizes NH=50,NP=150 (only initially for the EcoEvo + model), selection strengths wH=0.5,wP=1, matching allele parameters α=1,β=0, death rate of the parasite dP=1, birth rate of the host bH=6, carrying capacity K=100, interaction rate \(\lambda _{0}=4, \lambda = \frac {\lambda _{0}}{K}\), intra-specific competition rate \(\mu = \frac {b_{H}}{K}\). See the “Methods” section and Additional file 1 for method and parameter details