From: New haplochromine cichlid from the upper Miocene (9–10 MYA) of Central Kenya
Study/Reference | Calibration point | Node age (MYA; mean, SD or 95% confidence interval or 95% HPD interval or 95% credibility interval) | |
---|---|---|---|
Haplochromini | Tropheini | ||
Genner et al., 2007 [11] | Gondwana; mitochondrial DNA only | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 6.8 ± 1.1 |
Cichlid fossils; mitochondrial DNA only | 10.5 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | |
Day et al., 2008 [275] | Root of LTR set to 12 MYA | – | 3.4, 2.7–4.5 |
Root of LTR set to 28 MYA based on calibrations of Gondwana fragmentation | – | 7.9, 6.3–10.5 | |
Koblmüller et al., 2008 [22] | Lacustrine habitat in Lake Tanganyika (5–6 MYA) and Lake Malawi (0.57–1 MYA); Age of Lake Victoria superflock (0.2 MYA) | 5.3, 4.9–5.7 | 3.4, 3.0–4.0 |
Santini et al., 2009 [279] | 43 non-cichlid fossils; †Mahengechromis, Oligocene Heterochromis (23.3 MYA) | Ca. 9 | – |
Friedman et al., 2013 [277] | 10 non-cichlid fossils | Ca. 7 | < 5 |
Meyer et al., 2017 [278] | Concatenation | – | – |
Multispecies coalescent model | Ca. 5 | – | |
Irisarri, 2018 [27] | Calibration scheme C10: | 6.9, 3.3–10.5 | 4.3, 1.9–6.7 |
Gondwana fragmentation: | |||
–Madagascar + India/Africa + South America max. 165 MYA | |||
–Africa/ South America max. 101 MYA | |||
– Madagascar/ India 88 MYA | |||
– split Cichlasomatini/ Heroini 45.7–101 MYA | |||
– Second split within African cichlids (excl. Heterochromis) 45.7–101 MYA | |||
– Haplotilapiines (without Etiini) 9.3–62 MYA | |||
– Oreochromini 5.98–47.5 MYA | |||
– African cichlids 33.1–79.6 MYA | |||
– H-lineage/ Lamprologini 9.3–43.2 MYA | |||
Schedel et al., 2019 [17] | Calibration set 4: | 16.6, 14.3–19.2 | 8.7, 6.8–10.7 |
– †Tremembichthys 55.8–23.0 MYA | |||
– †Gymnogeophagus eocenicus 45.4–39.9 MYA | |||
– †Plesioheros chaulidus 45.4–39.9 MYA | |||
– †Oreochromis lorenzoi 7.24–5.33 MYA | |||
– †Tugenchromis pickfordi 9–10 MYA | |||
– Onset Lake Barombi Mbo 1.12–0.98 MYA | |||
– Estimated divergence age for family Cichlidae by Matschiner et al. (2016) 82.2–98.9 MYA |