Fig. 1

Phylogenetic relationships and representative pictures of all the main clades of the family Polythoridae. a Bayesian time-calibrated best tree obtained in BEAST v1.8.4 with median node ages, 95% High Probability Density (HPD) intervals for each node age displayed in grey bars, and nodes posterior probability support (PP) represented with squares at each node (see legend top-right). Fossil calibrated nodes are represented as blue triangles. Pictures at the bottom are from a representative species of the five major clades b. Chalcopteryx rutilans, Chalcothore – Chalcopteryx clade©Adolfo Cordero. C. Cora xanthostoma, Cora s.s. clade© Cornelio Bota. D. Miocora aurea, Miocora Clade©Cornelio Bota. E. Euthore fasciata fasciata, Euthore s.l clade© Cornelio Bota. The Polythore clade which has a high diversity on wing coloration is represented by: F. Polythore mutata, Amazon clade© Adolfo Cordero; G. Polythore gigantea, West Andes clade© Melissa Sanchez-Herrera, H. Polythore concinna, Northeastern Andes clade© Melissa Sanchez-Herrera and I. Polythore ornata, Southeastern Andes clade© Melissa Sanchez-Herrera