Fig. 1
From: Avian phenotypic convergence is subject to low genetic constraints based on genomic evidence
(All bird illustrations were reproduced with permission from Lynx Edicions)
Hypotheses on genomic sequence convergence. The species phylogeny of the focal species is based on Jarvis et al. [17] and was used as the null hypothesis. The three alternative convergence hypotheses, Hnoc, Hfoot and Hrap, forced nocturnal, foot-propelled diving and raptorial birds to form monophyletic clades, respectively