Fig. 1
From: Phenology-dependent cold exposure and thermal performance of Ostrinia nubilalis ecotypes
Genetically-based shifts in seasonal timing potentiate seasonal adaptation. Two partially temporally isolated pheromone strains of European corn borer moth (Ostrinia nubilalis) exist in eastern North America. Z strain populations (red) have a prolonged larval diapause (dashed line) and produce one mating flight (July), whereas E strain populations (blue) complete an early (June) and late (August) flight by shortening diapause. Due to a combination of seasonal fluctuations in temperature and reduced diapause duration, direct-developing E strain pupae and larvae could be subject to more extreme thermal environments than the same life stages in the Z strain. In this study, we test for thermal adaptation by time in corn borer strains by life stage