Table 1 Summary of previous molecular divergence estimates
Analysis | Material | No. of squamate taxa | Dating software and/or method | Age crown Lepidosauria | Age crown Squamata |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albert et al. [38] | mtDNA (13 genes) | 27 | r8s, Penalized Likelihood | 289±5 | 281 |
Albert et al. [38] | mtDNA (13 genes) | 27 | “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock | 272±20 | 259 |
Alfaro et al. [3] | nDNA: RAG-1 | 35 | BEAST, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock | 246 (208-275) | mid TR - mid JU |
Gorr et al. [40] | α haemoglobin chains | 3 | 6 | Strict clock (least-squares regression) | 233 | n/a |
Gorr et al. [40] | β haemoglobin chains | 9 | Strict clock (least-squares regression) | 226 | ~194 |
Hipsley et al. [42] | mtDNA and nDNA (5 genes) | 40 1 | TreeTime, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock | 238±10 | n/a |
Hugall et al. [36] | nDNA: RAG-1 | 36 | r8s, Penalized Likelihood | 250-268±12 2 | 171-190* ±14 |
Hugall et al. [36] | nDNA: RAG-1, translated | 36 | r8s, Penalized Likelihood | 261-275±17 2 | 184-201* ±19 |
Janke et al. [48] | mtDNA | 2 | Strict clock (after pruning of taxa) | n/a | 294 3 |
Kumar and Hedges [35] | Amino acid sequences (5 genes) | ? | Strict clock (after pruning of heterogeneous sequences) | 276±54.4 | n/a |
Kumazawa [37] | mtDNA | 24 | “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock | ~260-290 | ~215-255 |
Mulcahy et al. [43] | mtDNA and nDNA (RAG-1) | 64 | BEAST, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock | ~233 (223-243) | 180 (160-198) |
Mulcahy et al. [43] | mtDNA and nDNA (RAG-1) | 64 | r8s, Penalized Likelihood | ~275 (na) | 191.8 (186-194) |
Okajima & Kumazawa [49] | mtDNA | 22 | “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock | n/a | 240 (220-260) |
Pyron [39] | nDNA: RAG-1 4 | 44 | BEAST, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock | 236 (212-253) | 189 (163-213) |
Pyron [39] | nDNA: RAG-1 5 | 44 | BEAST, Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal clock | 265 (240-290) | 208 (179-234) |
Shen et al. [50] | mtDNA and nDNA | 5 | “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock | n/a | 205 (180-228) |
Vidal and Hedges [51] | nDNA: C-mos, RAG-1 | 19 | “Multidivtime”, Bayesian autocorrelated clock | < 251 | 240 (221-251) |
Wiens et al. [41] | nDNA: RAG-1 6 | 261 7 | r8s, Penalized Likelihood | 227 8 | 179 ±5.5 |