Taxa | Common name | Range | Elevation (m) | Seed cone | Seeds | Dispersal | Related notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
length (cm) | |||||||
P. albicaulis 1 | Whitebark pine | Central British Columbia and Alberta south to central California; northern Rockies west to the Cascades and Sierra Nevadas | 1300-3700 | 4-8 | Wingless | Birds and rodents | Closed cone morphology where scales are opened through animal agency exclusively; timberline species. |
P. ayacahuite 2 | Mexican white pine | Central Mexico to Honduras; sympatric with P. chiapensis at lower elevations | 2300-3200 | 14-40 | Winged | Wind | Southernmost species of the North American subsection Strobus; among the largest of Mexican pines. |
P. chiapensis 2 | Chiapas pine | Veracruz, Mexico to northwestern Guatemala; sympatric with P. ayacahuite at upper elevations | 260-2300 | 8-16 | Winged | Wind | Formally considered as a disjunct population of Pinus strobus var. chiapensis. |
P. flexilis 1 | Limber pine | Rocky Mountains and Intermountain Ranges from Canada south into the central US | 1500-3600 | 7-15 | Wingless | Birds and rodents | Often found at timberline; oldest trees date beyond 1600 years. |
P. lambertiana 1 | Sugar pine | Oregon, California, Nevada, and isolated population in northern Baja California | 330-3200 | 25-50 | Winged | Wind | Largest species and longest seed cone of Pinus; unable to hybridize with any other North American pine. |
P. monticola 1 | Western white pine | Southern British Columbia to south-central California; northern Rockies, Cascades, and Sierra Nevadas | 0-3000 | 10-25 | Winged | Wind | Found in moist, montane forests while most other western species are relegated to drier and more exposed sites. |
P. strobiformis 1 | Southwestern white pine | Northern Mexico extending into central Arizona and New Mexico | 1900-3500 | 15-25 | Wingless | Birds and rodents | Range intergrades with P. ayacahuite to the south and P. flexilis to the north, and with these two species, forms a well-documented complex. |
P. strobus 1 | Eastern white pine | Southern Canada south to Georgia; Newfoundland to western Ontario and Minnesota | 0-1500 | 8-20 | Winged | Wind | Only member of this group to occur in the eastern US and Canada; allopatric from all other taxa in subsection Strobus. |