From: Natural hybridization in heliconiine butterflies: the species boundary as a continuum
Genus | Species 1 | Species 2 | Geographic relationship | No. of natural hybrids | Backcrossing in lab or field | Laboratory hybrids | Molecular evidence | Assortative mating | F1 female sterility |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eueides | |||||||||
 | lybia | vibilia | sympatric | 1 | - | - | - | (+) | ? |
 | isabella | vibilia | sympatric | 4 | - | - | - | (+) | ? |
 | isabella | procula | sympatric | 1 | - | - | - | (+) | ? |
 | pavana | vibilia | sympatric | 1 | - | - | - | (+) | ? |
Heliconius (melpomene-cydno-silvaniform group) | |||||||||
 | numata | melpomene | sympatric | 4 | - | - | - | (+) | ? |
 | ismenius | cydno | sympatric | - | + | + | - | + | + |
 | hecale | melpomene | sympatric | 2 | - | + | - | + | ? |
 | hecale | elevatus | sympatric | 3 | + | - | - | (+) | ? |
 | hecale | atthis | sympatric | - | + | + | - | + | + |
 | ethilla | melpomene | sympatric | 4 | + | - | - | + | ? |
 | ethilla | numata | sympatric | 2 | - | - | - | (+) | ? |
 | ethilla | besckei | sympatric | 6 | + | - | - | (+) | ? |
 | melpomene | cydno | sympatric | 68 | + | + | + | + | + |
 | melpomene | heurippa | sympatric | 1 | + | + | + | + | + |
 | melpomene | pachinus | sympatric | - | + | + | + | + | + |
 | cydno | pachinus | parapatric | 3 | + | + | + | + | - |
 | cydno | heurippa | parapatric | - | + | + | + | + | - |
Heliconius (erato-sara-sapho group) | |||||||||
 | himera | erato | parapatric | 57 | + | + | + | + | - |
 | erato | charithonia | sympatric | 1 | - | - | - | + | ? |
 | charithonia | peruvianus | parapatric | 1 | + | - | + | (+) | ? |
 | hecalesia | hortense | sympatric | 1 | - | - | - | (+) | ? |
 | hecalesia | clysonymus | sympatric | 1 | - | - | - | (+) | ? |
Total | Â | Â | Â | 161 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |