Table 2 The distribution of human reactions within metabolic-pathways.

Pre- eukaryotic origin (universal pathways)

Carbohydrate metabolism

Glyoxylate & dicarboxylate metabolism (00630)

11(3)

9(3)

1(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Galactose metabolism (00052)

15(3)

11(1)

1(0)

0(0)

3(2)

Fructose & mannose metabolism (00051)

17(11)

11(6)

4(3)

1(1)

1(1)

Pentose phosphate pathway (00030)

16(6)

16(6)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Aminosugars metabolism (00530)

17(12)

11(9)

4(2)

1(0)

1(1)

Pyruvate metabolism (00620)

21(5)

20(5)

1(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Butanoate metabolism (00650)

17(3)

14(1)

1(1)

1(0)

1(1)

Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis (00010)

27(5)

22(3)

2(0)

2(2)

1(0)

Starch &sucrose metabolism (00500)

23(8)

15(6)

3(1)

1(0)

4(1)

Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (00020)

16(1)

14(1)

2(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Energy metabolism

Sulfur metabolism (00920)

8(3)

3(1)

1(1)

0(0)

4(1)

Oxidative phosphorylation (00190)

8(4)

7(3)

1(1)

0(0)

0(0)

Nitrogen metabolism (00910)

9(1)

8(1)

1(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Methane metabolism (00680)

5(1)

5(1)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Lipid metabolism

Biosynthesis of steroids (00100)

17(11)

9(5)

6(4)

0(0)

2(2)

Fatty acid metabolism (00071)

17(1)

14(1)

2(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Linoleic acid metabolism (00591)

5(1)

2(1)

1(0)

0(0)

2(0)

Glycerolipid metabolism (00561)

16(4)

12(2)

3(2)

0(0)

1(0)

Glycerophospholipid metabolism (00564)

23(9)

9(3)

11(3)

1(1)

2(2)

Ether lipid metabolism (00565)

7(2)

2(1)

5(1)

0(0)

0(0)

Fatty acid biosynthesis (00061)

11(9)

7(6)

4(3)

0(0)

0(0)

Nucleotide metabolism

Purine metabolism (00230)

51(24)

41(20)

8(4)

0(0)

2(0)

Pyrimidine metabolism (00240)

34(14)

29(13)

3(0)

0(0)

2(1)

Amino acid metabolism

Methionine metabolism (00271)

13(2)

11(2)

1(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Histidine metabolism (00340)

14(4)

11(3)

1(0)

0(0)

2(1)

Arginine &proline metabolism (00330)

19(5)

15(4)

2(0)

1(1)

1(0)

Lysine degradation (00300)

19(7)

10(1)

4(2)

1(1)

4(3)

Urea cycle & metabolism of amino groups (00220)

21(7)

17(7)

3(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Valine, leucine & isoleucine degradation (00280)

23(7)

19(5)

0(0)

0(0)

4(2)

Tryptophan metabolism (00380)

25(11)

16(4)

4(4)

0(0)

5(3)

Cysteine metabolism (00272)

7(1)

6(1)

1(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Phenylalanine, tyrosine &tryptophan biosynthesis (00360)

6(1)

5(1)

1(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Glycine, serine &threonine metabolism (00260)

31(10)

24(7)

2(0)

2(2)

3(1)

Metabolism of other amino acids

Glutathione metabolism (00480)

10(1)

10(1)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Selenoamino acid metabolism (00450)

10(2)

10(2)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

Glycan biosynthesis & metabolism

N-Glycan biosynthesis (00510)

21(3)

2(1)

13(2)

4(0)

2(0)

Metabolism of cofactors & vitamins

Vitamin B6 metabolism (00750)

5(3)

3(2)

0(0)

0(0)

2(1)

Folate biosynthesis (00790)

8(6)

6(4)

2(2)

0(0)

0(0)

Riboflavin metabolism (00740)

5(2)

3(2)

0(0)

1(0)

1(0)

Biotin metabolism(00780)

5(5)

1(1)

3(3)

1(1)

0(0)

Porphyrin & chlorophyll metabolism (00860)

16(12)

13(10)

1(1)

1(0)

1(1)

Nicotinate & nicotinamide metabolism (00760)

13(7)

7(4)

0(0)

0(0)

6(3)

One carbon pool by folate (00670)

17(4)

15(2)

1(1)

1(1)

0(0)

Pantothenate & CoA biosynthesis (00770)

12(6)

10(5)

0(0)

0(0)

2(1)

Eukaryotic origin

Carbohydrate metabolism

Inositol phosphate metabolism (00031)

16(3)

2(0)

11(2)

1(1)

2(0)

Lipid metabolism

C21-Steroid hormone metabolism (00140)

10(4)

0(0)

2(1)

0(0)

8(3)

Androgen &estrogen metabolism (00150)

13(2)

1(0)

3(1)

1(0)

8(1)

Arachidonic acid metabolism (00590)

20(12)

4(0)

6(5)

0(0)

10(7)

Fatty acid elongation in mitochondria (00062)

6(2)

3(0)

2(2)

0(0)

1(0)

Sphingolipid metabolism (00600)

19(11)

6(0)

7(5)

1(1)

5(5)

Bile acid biosynthesis (00120)

12(2)

3(0)

3(2)

0(0)

6(0)

Amino acid metabolism

Alanine &aspartate metabolism (00252)

21(2)

18(0)

3(2)

0(0)

0(0)

Tyrosine metabolism (00350)

20(4)

9(0)

3(1)

2(1)

6(2)

Glycan biosynthesis & metabolism

Glycan structures – biosynthesis 1 (01030)

43(1)

1(0)

12(1)

14(0)

16(0)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)- anchor biosynthesis (00563)

3(1)

0(0)

3(1)

0(0)

0(0)

Metabolism of cofactors & vitamins

Retinol metabolism (00830)

3(3)

0(0)

1(1)

1(1)

1(1)

Xenobiotics Biodegradation & metabolism

Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (00980)

7(2)

3(0)

3(2)

1(0)

0(0)

Metazoan- origin

Metabolism of other amino acids

Taurine &hypotaurine metabolism (00430)

5(1)

2(0)

1(0)

1(1)

1(0)

Glycan biosynthesis & metabolism

Heparan sulfate biosynthesis (00534)

7(1)

0(0)

0(0)

5(1)

2(0)

Vertebrate- origin

Carbohydrate metabolism

Nucleotide sugars metabolism (00520)

6(0)

5(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Pentose & glucuronate interconversions (00040)

7(1)

5(0)

0(0)

1(0)

1(1)

Propanoate metabolism (00640)

15(0)

13(0)

1(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Amino acid metabolism

Lysine biosynthesis (00300)

5(0)

2(0)

2(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Phenylalanine metabolism (00360)

9(0)

6(0)

2(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Metabolism of other amino acids

beta-Alanine metabolism (00410)

14(0)

11(0)

2(0)

0(0)

1(0)

Glycan biosynthesis & metabolism

Glycan structures – degradation (01032)

18(0)

10(0)

2(0)

0(0)

6(0)

Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis – globoseries (00603)

10(1)

2(0)

1(0)

1(0)

6(1)

Glycosaminoglycan degradation (00531)

11(0)

4(0)

1(0)

0(0)

6(0)

Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis – lactoseries (00601)

7(0)

0(0)

1(0)

0(0)

6(0)

Keratan sulfate biosynthesis (00533)

5(0)

0(0)

0(0)

2(0)

3(0)

Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis – neo-lactoseries (00602)

10(0)

0(0)

1(0)

2(0)

7(0)

Glycan structure – biosynthesis 2 (01031)

22(0)

1(0)

3(0)

2(0)

16(0)

O-Glycan biosynthesis (00512)

6(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(0)

5(0)

Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis – ganglioseries (00604)

8(0)

2(0)

0(0)

0(0)

6(0)

Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis (00532)

10(0)

0(0)

0(0)

4(0)

6(0)

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Limonene & pinene degradation (00903)

5(0)

2(0)

0(0)

0(0)

3(0)

Monoterpenoid biosynthesis (00902)

3(0)

0(0)

0(0)

0(0)

3(0)

Xenobiotics biodegradation & metabolism

gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane degradation (00361)

5(1)

4(0)

0(0)

0(0)

1(1)