Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 1

From: Comparative morphology of the postpharyngeal gland in the Philanthinae (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) and the evolution of an antimicrobial brood protection mechanism

Fig. 1

Major hydrocarbons of P. gibbosus on provisioned and control bees. Mean arcsine-transformed proportion (+ standard deviation, SD) of heptacosene + heptacosadiene (unsaturated C27), nonacosene (unsaturated C29), and hentriacontene + hentriacontadiene (unsaturated C31) in extracts of provisioned bees taken from P. gibbosus brood cells (white bars, N = 6) and control bees which had no contact to the beewolves (grey bars, N = 9); closed circles show individual data points (open circles indicate outliers). Asterisks indicate a significance level of p ≤ 0.001 according to t tests (including outliers)

Back to article page

BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

Contact us