Table 1 Sampling locations and genetic diversity. Sample size (N) of forewings, hindwings, and genotyped individuals with ddRADseq from each sampling location. Variant sites for each population, private alleles (PA), observed (H_O) and expected heterozygosity (H_E), and fixation index (F_is) for each population. SE: standard error

1

SPA

Laguna de Lombo,Ourense, Spain

42.16182

−6.97497

10

13

3

3968

0

0.125 (0.002)

0.105 (0.001)

0.026 (0.006)

2

FRA

Arles, France

43.47511

4.81802

16

16

7

10,459

1

0.182 (0.002)

0.204 (0.001)

0.1 (0.008)

3

BEL

Oude Beek, Sint-Truiden, Belgium

50.83758

5.232083

14

17

5

10,417

0

0.204 (0.002)

0.212 (0.001)

0.076 (0.005)

4

POL1

Pław, Poland

51.99017

15.19383

12

14

7

11,419

0

0.203 (0.002)

0.212 (0.001)

0.068 (0.008)

5

GER

Boitzenburger Land, Germany

53.24808

13.58941

9

10

7

10,912

0

0.197 (0.002)

0.208 (0.001)

0.076 (0.01)

6

POL2

Czarne Wielkie, Poland

53.65767

16.27406

13

11

7

9285

0

0.221 (0.002)

0.218 (0.002)

0.056 (0.014)

7

SWE1

Sallerup, Hörby, Sweden

55.79888

13.73272

9

9

7

11,782

0

0.215 (0.002)

0.22 (0.001)

0.062 (0.007)

8

SWE2

Långekärr, Tjörn, Sweden

58.03273

11.56131

9

12

7

12,144

0

0.223 (0.002)

0.224 (0.001)

0.048 (0.005)

9

SWE3

Stenhagen, Uppsala, Sweden

59.84903

17.5493

10

10

7

11,740

0

0.218 (0.002)

0.221 (0.001)

0.053 (0.004)

10

FIN1

Katumajärvi, Hämeenlinna, Finland

60.99038

24.5168

11

12

7

12,202

0

0.222 (0.002)

0.223 (0.001)

0.049 (0.004)

11

SWE4

Hamptjärnen, Umeå, Sweden

63.76185

20.04773

7

11

7

11,972

0

0.217 (0.002)

0.222 (0.001)

0.058 (0.004)

12

FIN2

Pyykösjärvi, Oulu, Finland

65.048

25.492

11

12

7

11,877

0

0.208 (0.002)

0.222 (0.001)

0.081 (0.004)

13

SWE5

Mjölkuddstjärnen, Luleå, Sweden

65.60597

22.12855

10

13

7

8873

0

0.222 (0.002)

0.217 (0.002)

0.053 (0.015)

14

FIN3

Montosenlampi, Rovaniemi, Finland

66.27837

25.4848

12

13

7

11,458

0

0.217 (0.002)

0.219 (0.001)

0.052 (0.007)