Fig. 3
From: Girdling behavior of the longhorn beetle modulates the host plant to enhance larval performance
Effect of girdling behavior on the larval performance of P. rufiventris. (a) Larval survival rates in successfully girdled (N = 47) and recovered (N = 42) E. annuus plants measured in naturally girdled plants (* P < 0.05, Chi-squared test). The left images represent the morphology of girdled and recovered E. annuus plants while the right images represent Phloroglucinol staining of the longitudinal section of girdled and recovered part. (b) Larval mass measured from the experimentally girdled and non-girdled E. annuus plants. Boxes indicate the 1st and 3rd quantiles (significant differences are indicated as different letters; P < 0.05, One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD)