Figure 1

Pathogen environments. Pathogen environments are distinguished by the relationship between the occurrence probability of a pathogen in the environment and the probability of an individual without memory to survive an infection with this pathogen (basic survival probability). A standard (A), positively correlated (B) and random pathogen environment (C) are considered. For all environments, the basic survival probability is calculated such that individuals survive the non-reproductive phase with a probability of 50%.