Strong population genetic structuring in an annual fish, Nothobranchius furzeri, suggests multiple savannah refugia in southern Mozambique

Table 4 Variation of three main mtDNA haplogroups and analysis of historical demography

Group	N	S	H	Hd	Pi (%)	k	θ	Tajima’s D	Fu’s Fs	R2	τ Arlequin (5% qt-mean-95% qt)	τ DnaSP
LimpN	22	13	10	0.823 ± 0.073	0.271 ± 0.052	2.212	0.00438	−1.34485	−3.72	0.0741*	0.584–2.904–4.283 (255 ky)	1.275 (112 ky)
LimpS	31	20	13	0.912 ± 0.026	0.345 ± 0.049	2.813	0.00614	−1.51702	−4.477*	0.0654*	1.232–2.789–3.882 (244 ky)	1.873 (164 ky)
Chefu	79	33	27	0.849 ± 0.030	0.294 ± 0.030	2.393	0.0082	−2.02665*	−20.337*	0.0330**	0.006–0.799–5.289 (70 ky)	1.350 (118 ky)
All groups	132		50

These analyses are based on 815 bp of CYTB. N number of individuals, S number of segregating sites, H number of haplotypes, Hd haplotype (gene) diversity ± SD, Pi nucleotide diversity (in%), k average number of nucleotide differences, θ Watterson’s estimate of theta (per site) from S, τ the parameter of onset of population expansion assuming the stepwise growth model (τ = 2 t*MU; t = time in years, MU = mutation rate per locus). Fu’s Fs significance p < 0.01 is marked by *, Tajima’s D significance p < 0.05 is marked by *, R2 significance p < 0.05 is marked by *, p < 0.01 by **.

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