Figure 1

Species included in tests of adaptive evolution and gene-phenotype associations. A) Unrooted phylogeny from Meredith et al. (2011) used in the PAML analyses. P = Primates, E = Euarchontoglires, L = Laurasiatheria, X + A = Xenarthra + Afrotheria. The bracketed clades refer to Glires (B) and Euungulata (C). Panels B) and C) show the relationship between root-to-tip dN/dS and neonatal brain sizeg in Glires and Euungulata respectively, for the two genes with the most consistent pattern across the two groups, ASPM (red circles) and CDK5RAP2 (blue triangles). Regression lines are derived from the PGLS analysis and account for phylogenetic non-independence between the datapoints.