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Table 2 The effects of sex, species and their interaction on wing shape, tested by a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)

From: Evolution of sexual dimorphism of wing shape in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup

Effect

Wilk's lambda

F

Df num

Df den

P

Species

0.351

4.36

208

6191.7

< .0001

Sex

0.952

1.54

26

805

0.0411

Csize

0.709

12.69

26

805

< .0001

Species × sex

0.639

1.79

208

6191.7

< .0001

Csize × species

0.379

4.01

208

6191.7

< .0001

Csize × sex

0.951

1.58

26

805

0.0331

Csize × species × sex

0.641

1.77

208

6191.7

< .0001

  1. Df num: degrees of freedom for the numerator; Df den: degrees of freedom for the denominator; Csize: centroid size