Parallel evolution in Ugandan crater lakes: repeated evolution of limnetic body shapes in haplochromine cichlid fish

Table 4 Demographic changes inferred using mitochondrial control region

	EDW	KAZ	GEO	CHI	BUG	KAB	KAT	MIR	RWI	KAW	KAM	KIG	MUG	KAK	NKU
Mean Number of differences	4.221	17.957	1.895	2.608	0.830	0.200	4.953	1.714	2.275	2.914	0.819	0.316	3.572	1.400	0.873
Tau	4.998	40.883	0.001	0.914	0.930	3.000	4.977	2.000	3.580	0.001	1.123	3.000	8.621	1.844	0.914
T (MYA)	0.093	0.758	0.000	0.017	0.017	0.056	0.092	0.037	0.066	0.000	0.021	0.056	0.160	0.034	0.017
Theta0	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.004	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Theta1	35.508	7.765	103.525	99999	99999	0.255	99999	99999	4.985	99999	2.705	0.235	3.477	99999	99999
SSD	0.015^ns	0.040^ns	0.489^**	0.133^*	0.004^ns	0.002^ns	0.002^ns	0.055^ns	0.024^ns	0.309^**	0.005^ns	0.008^ns	0.094^ns	0.068^ns	0.001^ns
Raggedness Index	0.031^ns	0.018^ns	0.053^ns	0.062^ns	0.091^ns	0.413^ns	0.021^ns	0.234^ns	0.069^ns	0.165^ns	0.064^ns	0.493^ns	0.206^ns	0.350^ns	0.063^ns
Fu’s Fs	−7.842^**	0.530^ns	−1.599^ns	−3.075^*	−6.083^**	−1.863^*	−25.42^**	−3.709^**	−0.108^ns	0.0311^ns	−2.041^*	−1.085^*	1.203^ns	−1.648^*	−1.026^ns

Fs = Fu’s test of neutrality. SSD tests the validity of a stepwise expansion model based on the sum of squares deviations between the observed and expected mismatch, non-significant mismatch values suggest population expansion. Raggedness Index is calculated similarly, non-significant raggedness values suggest population expansion. Time since lineage expansion (t) is calculated from Tau = 2μt, where μ = 3.25%/MYR for 830 bp. Significance level: NS, non-significant; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.001.

ISSN: 2730-7182