From: Body proportions for the facilitation of walking, running and flying: the case of partridges
 | Mass | Total length | Wing length | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Effects | Log Utility | Effects | Log Utility | Effects | Log Utility |
Adult | ||||||
 Mass | – | – | 0.0001 | 134.4 | 0.0001 | 45.6 |
 Total length | 0.0001 | 134.4 | – | – | 0.02 | 1.8 |
 Wing length | 0.0001 | 45.6 | 0.016 | 1.8 | – | – |
 10 length | 0.0001 | 5.0 | 0.34 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 1.7 |
 9 length | 0.31 | 0.5 | 0.20 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
 8 length | 0.03 | 1.5 | 0.004 | 2.4 | 0.001 | 60.4 |
Juvenile | ||||||
 Mass | – | – | 0.0001 | 100.6 | 0.0001 | 37.9 |
 Total length | 0.0001 | 100.6 | – | – | 0.01 | 2.0 |
 Wing length | 0.0001 | 37.9 | 0.01 | 2.0 | – | – |
 10 length | 0.01 | 2.0 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.004 | 2.4 |
 9 length | 0.13 | 0.9 | 0.007 | 2.1 | 0.003 | 2.5 |
 8 length | 0.02 | 1.7 | 0.005 | 2.8 | 0.0001 | 80.0 |
Female | ||||||
 Mass | – | – | 0.0001 | 48.6 | 0.0001 | 11.0 |
 Total length | 0.0001 | 48.7 | – | – | 0.04 | 1.4 |
 Wing length | 0.0001 | 11.0 | 0.04 | 1.4 | – | – |
 10 length | 0.25 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 1.5 | 0.02 | 1.7 |
 9 length | 0.23 | 0.6 | 0.0001 | 9.0 | 0.04 | 1.4 |
 8 length | 0.01 | 2.0 | 0.38 | 0.4 | 0.001 | 39.4 |
Male | ||||||
 Mass | – | – | 0.0001 | 95.6 | 0.0001 | 26.0 |
 Total length | 0.0001 | 95.6 | – | – | 0.64 | 0.2 |
 Wing length | 0.0001 | 26.0 | 0.64 | 0.2 | – | – |
 10 length | 0.49 | 0.3 | 0.27 | 0.6 | 0.27 | 0.6 |
 9 length | 0.0001 | 13.1 | 0.0001 | 8.0 | 0.0001 | 8.0 |
 8 length | 0.0001 | 12.7 | 0.05 | 1.3 | 0.05 | 1.3 |